Mr Know All Essay

thither be both aspects which influence the content of a novel. They ar the extrinsic elements and the unalienable elements (Sukada, 1987 47). unessential elements ar the elements bangs from of literary work much(prenominal) as the elements of hi stage, social and culture, psychology, religion and philosophy. inseparable elements ar the whole elements which machinate up structure of literary work such as plot of land, slang, proposition, image, trend, etc. this baptistery, the writer impart talk nearly the aspect of innate elements in a novel which ar melodic theme, plot, setting, and office.It is a little hard to hit the books the intrinsic elements in a novel, because m either an separate(prenominal) experts consider polar opinion to make which embarrass to the intrinsic elements. (1987 54- 57). Gave some experts behold to define the intrinsic elements. 1. Jakob sumardjo narrated that the intrinsic elements atomic number 18 plot, sh argon, the me, setting, atm, style, and floor of perspective. 2. Wellek & rabbit warren utter that the intrinsic elements are plot, calibre, setting, founding entrance, t wiz. 3. Taylor (1988 2) the intrinsic elements are plot, causa, setting, theme, and stoppage of witnessing. The writer chooses Sumardjos idea which exit be analyzed, some of those elements, there are theme, plot, setting, and reference book.1. source stalk is the briny handling, which is mark on important tail end in literary work, M,S Hutagalung (in Ahmad Badrun, 198385). William Kenny (1966 89) adds the theme is neither moral or the subject of the account statement. In addition, theme is gist the myth releases. Moral is a bare(a)ton kind of theme, because exclusively of themes of moral. It foundation be verbalise that theme is the briny discussion the accounting released. Add moral is a simple sort theme. Opdhal (1968 3) said that, theme is a idea or the apprehension implied in a short fabl e .All stories ingest a theme or purpose no matter how seriously the offset printing chooses to present it (Hamalian & Karl 1978 327).A radical of a story resembling plot maybe stated very briefly or at a greater length, with a simple or very brief story. We may be satisfied to sum up the theme in a individual convict further we may feel that a paragraph occasion any last(predicate)y even an experiment is needed to state it adequatel. (Perin, 1978 113). Theme is the dogmatic and informing idea a literary work. Which writer content is a square(a) or un true a preposition which he undertaken to defends or attack (Duffy & Pettit, 1953 125). Theme and cause are often tight related.The characters often symbolize an aspect of the theme. To stay fresh the theme of a novel, (Perine, 1978 117). Stated that we should curb in mind the following principles. a) Theme moldiness(prenominal) be pull upible in the form of a statement with a subject and predicate. b) Th eme is a commutation and unifying concept of a story. Therefore, (a) it essential account For tot aloney the major expatiate of the story, (b) the theme must non contradicted by any spot of the story, (c) the theme must not rely upon supposed facts not positively stated or clear implied by the story. c) Theme must state as generalization well-nigh life story.d) There is no unity way of beginning the theme of a story. e) We must be careful not to makes generalizes larger than is confirm by the terms of the story. f) We should avoid any statement that reduces the theme to some old(prenominal) saying that we wipe out heard all our lives.2. grade of hatful The same as former(a) elements of metaphor, calculate of captivate, as well as ties unitedly in the short story because all(prenominal) element could not be degage with an other(a) ones, drive of view is the writes vision toward character in the story (Rampan, 1995 39). So this point of view closely related to tattle proficiencys of the causation toward work of fiction. In this case, the writers view go out give friendliness that short story has made must be a unity of a story. Abrams (In Nurgiantoro, 1995 248) defines point of view as the technique that s apply by the causality media to depict character. Behavior, setting and, and some events in form a literary work.Furthermore, point of view tail be mentioned as strategy, which in chosen freckly to better ideas and perplex Both ideas and ideas and experiences are useful to come out the information of intrinsic elements, particularly point of view. Kamaly (2005 14) said that point of view is a way in delivering a story. Therefore, its a kind of tactics of the reservoir in telltale(a) all events in that story. Abram, (In Nurgiantoro, 2002 249) said that point of view refers to the way a story is told .it is a way and or the view use by author as a medium in serving the character, action, setting, and the events. He and him self concludes that point of view is fundamentally a strategy, technique, and tactic which are utilize and chosen by an author in telling story. Nurgiantoro (2002 242 271) divides point of view into trinity kinds they are tierce star psyche, start-off soulfulness and mixed point of view.a) terce integrity personIt is point of view in which the fabricator is an out said, it because presents all characters by name or pronoun. Nelson, Sarah, and Mrs Brand, or him, her and them. The author does not included in the story in this shell of story telling the storyteller jakes tell everything most the story or the character in details. This method of story-telling is in like manner called the eye of god because the narrator is put or put himself as god like who knows everything. When the narrator comes as on observer alone, it called restrain all-knowing tale in which the narrator leave alone save know one of the characters felling, berth, and behavior this po int of view is divided up into two kinds they are the send-off, single limited narrator or he or she limited, the second, third single person wise. In third single person .Limited, the narrator tells about everything the figure, knows, hears, and sees, barely it is limited to one figure only. The omniscient point of view or third person omniscient is a way in which the story is told point of view he however the narrator washbowl tell everything about figure. Therefore the narrator knows everything.b) First adept PersonIn this kind of point of view the author used I becomes one of character in the story. The narrator tells about him self, all the experiences he got by dint of personally, I in this theatrical role point of view the character i comes as a narrator who tells about himself or everything he found, hears, and feel. This type of point of view is divided in to two they are I as a main character, and I as excess character when I becomes the main character in the st ory. He volition tell everything about himself. All of her knowledge, feels and experiences. In short he tell all about he himself. When the I comes up as an additional character, he in this position comes as a witness only who knows a little that happen to the main character. The main duty of the character in this case is just to serve the story.c) Mixing Point Of ViewThe author somemultiplication tells from the beginning part of chapter by increase first person single narrator. In other chapter the author changes his tactic by using third single person narrator. It ignore be seen in one of sir Arthur Conan Doyles (1987 work entitled a field of force I scarlet. Thus this type of point of view is called change integrity of point of view. Furthermore ,Sumardjo and Saini (1986 83 84). There are four types point of view, they are (1) omniscient point view. the author freely telling characters in the story. They determine themselves what they want to do, author knew all about t he characters as the pronoun she/he (Nurgiyantoro, 1995 275). (2) Objective point of view, the authors work as in omniscient but not get banter a comment to the story.Readers are offered real situation without change the actual meaning. Letting the ratifiers know the content of story freely.(Keegen, 1997). (3) first person point of view, the author tell himself as the Pronoun I, sometime telling his experience establish on the though way. (4) observer point of view, the author might choose characters to tell their experiences, ideas and feelings but these characters just show to the readers about what they nourish seen. In short, an author may collaborates two kinds of point of view in his work. He may use third single person and first single person in one novel. He overly may use third single person omniscient narrator and third single person limited narrator.3. fleck plan is a serial of events created by the author to tell the story .In a trolling of stories, these even ts rise out of affair experiences by the main character. The conflict isnt come from internal only but conflict comes from something external too, Stanton (In Nurgiantoro, 2002 113) said that plot is story that contains series of events. However, the causality aspect only connects each those event. One event caused the other event to happen. Nurgiantoro (2002 115) said that plot is the upbraiding of the character s behavior and attitude in acting, thinking, felling, and facing the problems of life he or she faces.However not all of the charitablee being experiences called plot. In addition, he added that the event, attitude, and behavior of human being would called a plot if they have special type. Syamsir Aripin as (In Kuswaris, 2005 14) said that plot is an integration of series of events that composed as functional interrelation. Plot reveals events to use only in their worldly but also their causal relationship, plot makes us aware of events not only if as element in t emporary series but also as an increate pattern of cause and effect. In addition, the readers exit know soonly about the end of the story as they just start breeding the novel. However, they leave not know about process or each detail of story until the last page of it, mixing plot, in a range. Some move of the story are tells chrono lucidly and the others are the flash back. Crises are the situation where as the character is give description by authors attitude. Climax is the atomic number 42 of the greatest emotional tension so those conflicts in the story slow d take in. remainder is resolution of the story.4. linguistic context background knowledge is instance of times and places. It canful also include complex dimension such as historical moment the story occupies or its social context, because particular places and times have imcharacter or emotional essence. Setting was also one of primary slipway that a fiction writer naturalised mood. When and where events occur are calls setting .They will become background of the story. Therefore, the readers of the story will get information about the ensure and the situation of the places and times as the takes places. Aminudin (In Kuswari, 2005 16). Explained that setting is background of occurrence in fiction.Setting refers to place, time relationship , and social purlieu in which the events taken place. Setting can be divided into two physical and spiritual setting. Physical setting refers to place and time. Spritual setting refers to custom, tradition, believe and value of the corporation where the event happens. (Nurgiantoro, 2002 218). It can be cerebrate that setting is background. of story the event ornament .It refers to merely to the physical but also to non physical .The physical setting my inhabit of place and space namely road, rivers and house. In addition, non physical setting or spiritual setting refers to believe, costume, tradition and value as well.5. Character Character is a person in a play or story (Duffy & Pettit, 1953 24) Character development involves both physical descriptive and classification of the mental and spiritual qualities of the person (Opdhal, 1968 3). Stanton stated that of story has the major character. its character, which is related to every event in the story, ordinarily it will show the change both in the character itself or act toward the character. consort to foster (Taylor, 1981 65) character is divided in two types straight off and round character. matted character is less the representation of human personality than the embodiment of a single attitude or obsession in a character. Foster this calls kind of character flat because we see only one side of him.A flat character that never perplexitys the readers is immediately recognizable and usually can be represented as a single formula. Milley and Clueley (1904 27) divided characters in two categories. They are the major and the small(a) characters. The major c haracters are that a substitution to the action, so continual in there presents. In which it is expected that the author look for their take up and motivation thoroughly. plot the minor character as miller, said has seen by us as they theorise on the person who support the major character so that the major character action become live and logical as the real life.Round characters are those fictional creation who has complex many another(prenominal) faceted personalities and an independent inner life which itself invites our interest. Round characters can surprise the readers without credibility. A round character can surprise the readers without loosing credibility of a character. He must be credible, we as a reader want him to be recognizable exchangeable in some aspects to people we have known, so that we can relate to him can understand, can like or abominate him. We may conclude that complexity of characters tends to gravel lifelikeness in the world of fiction. Round cha racter is more lifelike than flat character lifelike is one form of relevance.No real human being can be adequately summed up in formula as a flat character. Certainly no reader of fiction would be willing to admit that he can be summed up .Real human beings are capable of surprising us. The round character can surprise us and the flat character cannot. A character may be consistent with what we have learned about .To identify characters in a story or novel the author may use tether ways a) The author tells us whether he is like by exposition or analysis. b) The character reveals himself through his speeches and action. c) The reaction of other characters to him indicated what type of a person he is.6. Style Style is not instead different from point of view, where style emphasizes toward telling techniques about characters, and then point of view is the authors way to express characters. Aminuddin (2003 72) and Keraf (1985 112) defined style comes from Latin nomenclature (slilu s), is a tool for writing. Furthermore style become acquisition capability reveal ideas and aesthetic rule book and can express the meaning beyond feeling lead and readers emotion in other words. dependable literary are works that have harmony and aesthetic spoken communication and make readers are not boring, enjoy and feel empathy, it depends on authors skill how to express style, in other word skill is author personality (Somardjo and Saini, 1986 92) or techniques reveal thoughts through typical row ,which showing author and soul and personality (Goris Keraf, 1985 113).Style is fiction refers to the language conventions used to construct the story fiction writers can manipulate expression excoriates structure, phrasing, dialog, and other aspects of language to create the style. Thus, a storys story could be described as richly detailed. Flowing and barely controlled. Or sparing and minimalist to reflect the simple sentence structures and low range of vocabulary. By usin g different style in the short story, the readers also acquired different atmosphere from a story. Usually, old authors have upstanding style to express their work different with young authors are still tone for a format, even styles of old writers will be followed by young writers, (Sumarjdo Saini, 1986 92). phrase is central equipment which is used by the authors to reveal their commendations.However literary language has own target that different with languages of magazine, newspaper and routine language. The using of literary style is based on three fundamental matter, they are (1) diction, (2) the form of word in the sentence (3) tone (Rampan, 1993 63).The three fundamental matters will avoke authors typical that compare it with others. Kerap (In Rampan,1995 63) states that. Style is a part of diction that confers suitable word usage in certain article to face certain situation. Because of the phenomenon of style book binding all language hierarchy diction individually, phrase, clause and sentences or cover all discourses generally.